The New Growth Plan (NGP) for Moldova exemplifies the gradual integration approach, combining conditional funding with sectoral integration to drive reforms and socio-economic convergence. To assess the effectiveness of this plan, the paper examines what gradual integration entails for Moldova and compares its NGP with that of the Western Balkans.

The EU Justice Scoreboard, however, reveals significant disparities and weaknesses, including perceived judicial independence issues, governmental interference and pressure from economic interests. Inefficiencies in case resolution are exacerbated by inadequate digital infrastructure and frequent legal framework changes, which hinder access to justice.

As the liberal world order teeters on the edge of collapse, a chorus of unease is echoing across Europe. By now it is clear that the era of farming out hard security is over, and EU leaders acknowledge that they must rise to the demands of hard power global
competition.

Embedding future-oriented spending principles will enhance Europe’s financial sustainability and strategic autonomy.

Ensuring a safe and inclusive political landscape for women is essential not only for gender equality but also for the integrity and resilience of democratic institutions across Europe.

The transition towards a circular economy (CE) relies on a supporting policy framework. The EU is currently recognised as a global leader in climate action and has adopted a comprehensive policy package to reach the objectives set out in its Circular Economy Action Plan. This paper examines current and planned CE policies, their key impact on industries

Achieving net-zero emissions is essential for meeting the Paris Agreement targets, and carbon removal technologies like BECCS and DACCS will play a crucial role in offsetting hard-to-abate emissions. This paper examines the barriers to BECCS and DACCS deployment, including high costs, infrastructure limitations, and regulatory uncertainties.

Despite strong public support for wind energy, its local implementation remains slow due to resistance from communities affected by wind projects. This policy paper explores the key factors influencing public acceptance of wind power across Europe and offers policy solutions to overcome barriers.

This paper examines the impact of governmental migration policies on the economy, with a specific focus on the role of integration policies in shaping labour market and entrepreneurship performance.

ELF’s new policy paper by Dr. Laia Comerma explores Taiwan’s role within the EU’s Indo-Pacific vision, highlighting its contributions to semiconductors, resilient supply chains, cybersecurity, and maritime governance.

Liberalism is not dead – it is merely at a crossroads where its future depends on its ability to reconnect with the electorate.

This paper is an outcome of our Hans van Baalen scholarship.